Caroline A

 In Cuba, erosions are significant and increasing, due to natural factors such as hurricanes and storms, Cuba is often exposed to cyclones that are exposed to intense waves, swells and heavy rains, accelerating erosion. Also due to sea elevation, associated with climate change, some coastal areas are formed by soft materials that can be vulnerable to eruptions. Tourist infrastructure constructions can modify the natural forces of sedimentation and can increase erosion. The zones that can be in greater risk are the beach of the north of the island, like Varadero and the tourist keys, this part has suffered a notable loss of sand, the beach of Guanabo has lost great quantity more than 1 meter of beach per year, in the beach resort of Varadero, the coastal line retreats between 70 cm and 1 meter annually, losing between 40. 000 to 50.000m3 of sand each year, the southern lowlands such as the Gulf of Batabano are threatened by salinization and loss of land due to rising sea levels. Mor...

 Cuba, due to its geographic location in the caribbean, is especially vulnerable to extreme weather events such as hurricanes and tropical storms, floods, droughts and sea level rise. But what affects cuba the most is sea level rise, which is one of the most serious risks in the long term due to its condition of islands and the number of communities located especially in coastal areas. this mostly happens because of climate change and the melting of the poles, this can cause erosion of the coasts, it also causes that as beaches can be destroyed. It can also salinize the agricultural soils, which can affect the cultivation of crops and decrease the consumption of vegetables. with the passage of time, the rise of the sea could force the displacement of entire populations and generate economic and social impacts, which can have a great damage to this country. 

 the risk of soil subsidence in Cuba is a complex phenomenon that involves a combination of natural and human factors, which can cause this on insufficient drainage systems, human activities, clayey or unstable soils, earthquakes and tectonic movements, etc.  one of the main triggers is the drainage system that is not very well suited to the place where it is located, it is also due to heavy rains, climate changes are some things that can saturate the ground and cause soil compaction, which generates the humidity in the soil. also when they are building uncontrolled urbanism and the extradition of natural resources alter the original characteristics of the terrain. Cuba is in a zone prone to earthquakes which generates fracture movements and displacement of the terrain which helps to increase the risk of subsidence in affected areas. 

  Cuba has no active volcanoes in its territory, but in the geological past of the island there was volcanic activity, and there are still ancient extinct volcanoes, especially in the eastern region. in some places like the sierra de los organos, in pina sierra. although it has no active volcanoes cuba can be affected indirectly by other parts, some parts can be general ash clouds, which can affect the air quality, in some places like monstserrat, san vicente.  another danger related to volcanic activity in the caribbean is the possibility of tsunamis generated by submarine eruptions or the collapse of nearby volcanoes. although this type of chaos is very unlikely, authorities should keep a close watch.

Volcanoes in cuba  In cuba there are no active volcanoes, its geological formation is different from other caribbean islands, but there are ancient volcanic formations, in some parts of cuba where there is evidence of volcanic formations are Guantanamo, sierra del purial, isla de la juventud and sierra de los organos, these places do not have much active volcanic activity, but some geologists say that there was volcanic activity in remote times. the remains of extinct volcanoes do not represent any risk, unlike other regions of the caribbean like matinica or saint vincent and the grenadines, where there are active volcanoes like mount pelee or soufriere. today there is no volcanic activity since there were active volcanoes on the island but it happened millions of years ago.  

In the eastern region of cuba there has been a lot of seismic activity, due to the caribbe an tectonic plates. it almost always happens in the eastern fault that crosses the southeast. there have been many earthquakes in Cuba, as in 2023 there were 14 earthquakes, they were not very big and did not cause much damage, but they caused a concern in that country. In 2024 almost 13,000 earthquakes were reported, most of them were very low magnitude. People say that this number is much higher than in previous years.  It is also believed that other parts of the country may experience earthquakes, sometimes with epicenter as Haiti, Jamaica or Honduras have been perceptible in Cuban territory, some internal faults of the island can generate unexpected movements. The National Center for Seismological Research (CENAIS) is the institution in charge of monitoring earthquakes in Cuba, it has a network of seismological stations. In addition to checking and controlling seismic activities, it is es...